Spatial Analysis of Non-Resident Agriculture Holders in Rural Areas of Iran

Document Type : Research Paper

Authors

1 Professor, Department of Human Geography, Faculty of Geography, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran.

2 PhD Student, Department of Human Geography, Faculty of Geography, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran.

10.32598/JSRD.02.02.60

Abstract

Purpose: The present study aims at describing the general status of non-resident agriculture holders in rural areas. Moreover, it tries to not only investigate the hotspots of non-resident agriculture holders but also analyze its spatial pattern across the county of Iran. Besides, the current study will analyze the most effective factors on forming each hotspot across the Country.
Methods: The study is a kind of descriptive-analytic one. The data are adopted from agriculture census of Iran Statistic Center in 2003 and 2014. They have been analyzed by spatial statistic techniques in GIS environment.
Results: The findings reveal that the spatial distribution of non-resident agriculture holders is heterogeneous across the Country. The findings from spatial statistics indicate the existence of two main hotspots of non-resident agriculture holders across the towns; the first hotspot has been formed in central Iran and the northern regions of the Country, while the other one has been formed in the west.
Conclusion: The increase of non-resident agriculture holders in rural area which has been formed in the frame of rural-urban linkages, leads to increase smallholdings, decrease agriculture productivity, and weaken the balance between rural population and agriculture capacities for production and employment. Therefore, it acts like a barrier in the process of Sustainable rural development.

Keywords


Abrahamian, E .(1996). Iran Between Two Revolutions. Translation: Ahmad Gol Mohammadi and Mohammad Ebrahim Fatahi. Tehran, Ney Publishing.
Ashraf, A. (2004). From the White Revolution to the Islamic Revolution. Translation: Mohammad Salar Kasraie, Matin Research Journal, No. 22, 109-141.
Azkiya, M. (2008). Sociology of Rural Development and Rural Underdevelopment of Iran. Tehran, Etelaat.
Badri, S, A. Eftekhari, A. Salmani, M. Bahmand, D. (2011). The Role of Agricultural (Family) System in Rural Sustainable Development (Case Study: Ghirokarzin County, Fars Province). Human Geography Research, No. 76, 33-48.
Chen, H., & Yada, R. (2011). Nanotechnologies in agriculture: new tools for sustainable development. Trends in Food Science & Technology, 22(11), 585-594.
Chayanov, A. V. (1977). On the theory of non-capitalist economic systems. The theory of peasant economy, 1-28.
Cliff, A. D., & Ord, J. K. (1981). Spatial processes: models & applications. Taylor & Francis.
Ehlers, E. (2001). Capitalism and Urban Development in the Islamic East (Iran Sample). Translation: Abbas Saeidi, Rural-Urban- Nomads. Tehran, Monshi.
Ehlers, E. (2010). Traditional rural-urban relations in Iran.Translation: Abbas Saeidi. Tehran, Mehr Minoo,.
FAO. (1991). Den Burg Manifesto and Agenda on Sustainable Agriculture and Rural Development. Congress of Agriculture and Environment, Den Burge, The Netherlands.
Galeski, B., & Wilkening, E. A. (1987). Family farming in Europe and America. Westview Press.
Gong, J., & Lin, H. (2000). Sustainable development for agricultural region in China: case studies. Forest Ecology and Management, 128(1-2), 27-38.
Getis, A., & Ord, J. K. (1996). Local spatial statistics: an overview. Spatial analysis: modelling in a GIS environment, 374, 261-277.
Hosseini, Gh. (2009). Vulnerability and Development of the Agricultural Holders System in Iran. Strategic Journal, No. 52, 129-148.
Hooglund, E. (2002). Land and Revolution in Iran, 1960–1980. Translation: Firoozeh Mohajer in Iran, first edition, Shirazeh Research Journal.
Kargar Esfand Abadi, K. Yousefi, A. Rahimi, A. (2017). Social Stratification in Villages of Iran Before and After Land Reform (1963). Journal of Elite Engineering Sciences, 4, 1 -21.
Kumari, M., Sarma, K., & Sharma, R. (2019). Using Moran’s I and GIS to study the spatial pattern of land surface temperature in relation to land use/cover around a thermal power plant in Singrauli district, Madhya Pradesh, India. Remote Sensing Applications: Society and Environment, 100239.
Lambton, A,K,S. (1983). Landlord and peasant in Persia.Translation: Manouchehr Amiri, Third Edition. Tehran, Scientific and Cultural Publishing Center.
Leavy, J., & Smith, S. (2010). Future farmers: youth aspirations, expectations and life choices. Future Agricultures Discussion Paper, 13, 1-15.
Leunufna, S., & Evans, M. (2014). Ensuring food security in the small islands of Maluku: a community genebank approach. Journal of Marine and Island Cultures, 3(2), 125-133.
Mansourian, H. Rezvani, M, R. Saadi, S. (2018). Spatial Analysis of Rural Floating Population in Urban Areas of Iran. Journal of Rural Research, 8(4), 621-634.
Mekaniki, J. (2011). Urban and Rural Social Relations and Population Instability of Rural Settlements Case Study: Birjand Central Sector. Khorasan Socio-Cultural Studies, No. 19, 161-140.
Mitchel, A. (2005). The ESRI Guide to GIS analysis, Volume 2: Spartial measurements and statistics. ESRI Guide to GIS analysis.
Peeters, A., Zude, M., Käthner, J., Ünlü, M., Kanber, R., Hetzroni, A., ... & Ben-Gal, A. (2015). Getis–Ord’s hot-and cold-spot statistics as a basis for multivariate spatial clustering of orchard tree data. Computers and Electronics in Agriculture, 111, 140-150.
Razvani, M, R. Mansourian, H. Mahmoudian Zamaneh, M. Heidarian Mohammad Abadi, R. (2013). Spatial Analysis of Unemployment in Urban and Rural Areas of Iran Using the Spatial Data Exploratory Analysis Approach. Physical-Spatial Planning , 1(3), 48-37.
Saeidi, A. (2011). Principles of Rural Geography. Tehran, Samt.
Shatri, M. Hajipour, M. Nejati, B. Dezgi, A. (2013). Economic Impacts of Agricultural Production Cooperatives on Rural Households (Case Study: Agricultural Production Cooperatives of Birjand County). Journal of Khorasan Social Cultural Studies, No. 2,. 109-128.
Shahverdi, Sh. (1994). Land Reform and Its Consequences, M.Sc., Imam Sadegh University.
Shokati Amghagani, M. Kalantari, K. Asadi, A. Shaban Ali Femi, H. (2019). Measuring the Rate of Fragmentation and Dispersion of Arable Lands in East Azarbaijan province, Iran. Journal of Rural Research, 9(4), 523-535.
Spedding, C. (2012). An introduction to agricultural systems. Springer Science & Business Media.
Statistics Center of Iran (2014). General Agricultural Census.
Statistics Center of Iran (2003). General Agricultural Census.
Taleb, M. (1994). Sociological Issues and Barriers to Rural Development in Iran. Social Science Letter, No. 7, pp.98-117.
Taleb, M. Anbari, M. (2005). Rural Sociology (Dimensions of Change and Development in Iran Rural Society). Tehran, Tehran University.
Toupchi, B. Rostami, F. Khodabakhshi, A. (2011). Comparison of Water Wheat Production Components of Peasant, Commercial and Cooperative Production Systems in Kurdistan Province. Iran Journal of Economics Research and agricultur Development, 42(2) , 219-229.
Xu, X., Hou, L., Lin, H., & Liu, W. (2006). Zoning of sustainable agricultural development in China. Agricultural Systems, 87(1), 38-62.
Yang, Q., Zhang, H., Bai, W., & Liu, W. (2018, June). County-Scale Migration Attractivity and Factors Analysis. In 2018 26th International Conference on Geoinformatics (pp. 1-7). IEEE.