Iranian Association of Geography and Rural Planning journal of sustainable rural development 25383876 8 2 2024 10 01 Examining the Impact of Cultural Factors on Rural Entrepreneurship Development: An Integrated Conceptual Model for the Eastern Zayandeh Rud Region Isfahan, Central Iran 177 194 210870 10.22034/jsrd.2024.484354.1201 EN Soulmaz Dorri Ph.D. Student, Department of Rural Planning and Geography, Faculty of Humanities, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran 0009-0001-1352-6760 Mehdi Pourtaheri Professor, Department of Rural Planning and Geography, Faculty of Humanities, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran 0000-0002-6388-8823 Zebihollah Torabi Assistant Professor, Department of Rural Planning and Geography, Faculty of Humanities, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran 0000-0002-9347-2722 Journal Article 2024 10 19 Purpose: This research examines the influence of cultural factors on the development and sustainability of entrepreneurship in rural areas, focusing on the eastern border of the Zayandeh River, Isfahan. Methods: Using qualitative analysis and semi-structured interviews with 40 key stakeholders (rural entrepreneurs, local managers, rural business experts, and trainers), four main factors were identified: 1) resilience, 2) gender equality, 3) strengthening and preserving local identity and indigenous resources, and 4) positive beliefs and attitudes of the local community towards entrepreneurship and economic opportunities. Result: The results show that the resilience of entrepreneurs in addressing economic and environmental challenges is critical.. Moreover, reducing cultural barriers to gender equality can help increase participation and innovation among female entrepreneurs. Furthermore, the importance of local identity and indigenous resources is clearly evident, showing that the use of indigenous knowledge and cultural heritage can lead to sustainable business practices. Finally, the positive attitude of society towards entrepreneurship can help create a supportive environment for new businesses. Conclusion: To achieve sustainable entrepreneurship in rural areas, a comprehensive approach, including education, financial support, and local policy, is needed. These solutions are necessary to improve economic conditions, preserve cultural identity, and strengthen social solidarity in rural areas, ultimately leading to a resilient and dynamic rural economy.

https://www.jsrd.ir/article_210870_db5efa0d7f411deb0183ebaf4b1f7c14.pdf

Iranian Association of Geography and Rural Planning journal of sustainable rural development 25383876 8 2 2024 10 01 Analysis of Tourism Indicators in the Sustainable Rural Development of Semi-Arid Regions in Iran 195 206 202608 10.22034/jsrd.2024.465159.1191 EN Omid Khademhosseini PhD student of Geography and Rural Planning, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, Iran Bijan Rahmani Faculty Earth Sciences, Human Geography and spatial planning Department, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, Iran Shahriar Khaledi Professor, Faculty Earth Sciences, Physical geography Department, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, Iran Ali Osanlu Associate Professor, Department of Geography, Faculty of Command and Staff, Amin Police Comprehensive University , Tehran, Iran Journal Article 2024 06 28 Purpose: Sustainable rural development in arid regions depends on various approaches, with tourism being one of the most important. Tourism can also have multiple effects as an economic activity that helps diversify the rural economy. This research investigates tourism development indicators and their role in the sustainable rural development of semi-arid regions in Abadeh City, Iran. Methods: The research method is descriptive-analytical and relies on data collection through surveys. The statistical population consists of rural residents. Based on the research’s limitations and the Cochran formula, the sample size was determined to be 372 individuals. Experts confirmed the validity of the questionnaire, and its reliability was verified by administering 30 questionnaires and calculating a Cronbach's alpha coefficient greater than 0.70. Results: The results showed that the economic and environmental indicators of sustainable rural development were significantly less than 0.05. Economic indicators, with an average of 3.088, are considered average, while environmental indicators, with an average of 2.967, are evaluated as weak. Additionally, social indicators, with a significant level of 0.152 and an average of 121.3, have been rated as average. The results also indicated that the tourism indicators are substantial at a level of less than 0.05, with an average of 3.199, placing them in an average range. The best situation in tourism indicators relates to the hospitality indicator of villagers, with an average of 3.879. The impact of tourism indicators on sustainable rural development is 90%, and investment in the rural tourism sector has the most significant effect, with an explanatory value of 0.81. Conclusion: The conclusion showed that the status of sustainable development indicators in rural areas could be improved. However, tourism as an approach in semi-arid rural areas, while not currently favorable, can positively impact their stability and development.

https://www.jsrd.ir/article_202608_a583054983cfc91b0527037e35f60c79.pdf

Iranian Association of Geography and Rural Planning journal of sustainable rural development 25383876 8 2 2024 10 01 Analysis of the transportation system sustainability and identification of itsspatial pattern in the villages of Tabriz County 207 220 212469 10.22034/jsrd.2024.462159.1189 EN Mohsen Aghayari Hir Associate Professor in the Department of Geography & Rural Planning, Faculty of Planning and Environmental Science, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran 0000-0001-5531-5606 Mohammad Zaheri Ph. D. in Department of Geography & Rural Planning, Faculty of Planning and Environmental Science, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran. Nahid Rahimzadeh Associate Professor in the Department of Geography & Rural Planning, Faculty of Planning and Environmental Science, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran. Journal Article 2024 06 10 Purpose: Rural transportation plays an essential role in achieving and realizing more than half of the sustainable development goals. For decades, transportation policy programs have sought to create sustainable transportation in rural areas.The successful implementation of sustainable transportation in these regions helps to achieve goals such as the reduction of poverty, ensuring food security, promoting and growing inclusive economic opportunities, empowering women, providing employment, and eliminating restrictions on access to services in rural areas. This research attemptsto evaluate and rank the level of sustainability of the transportation system in the villages of Tabriz County. Methods: This research is applied in terms of purpose and, based on nature, it is descriptive-analytical.The necessary data for this research werecollected by documentaryand survey methods,drawing from the f 2011 and 2016 censuses of Iran and a researcher-made questionnaire.The population of the research includes rural households in Tabriz County. Using Cochran's formula and with a 95% confidence interval, the sample size was determined to be 320 households, and a simple random sampling method was used for the selection of samples from villages.For data analysis, the Multi-Attribute Utility Theory (MAUT) ranking method was used, and Moran's I Index was used to analyze spatial autocorrelation. Results:The ranking obtained from the MAUT method indicates that Bagh Yaqoub Village, located near Tabriz City, has the highest level of transportation sustainability in terms of the considered indicators, and GowarVillage has the lowest level.The results of spatial autocorrelation analysisindicatethe existence of a clustered pattern in the spatial distributionof transportation sustainability. Specifically, the villages with high transportation sustainability levels are more concentrated in certain parts of the studied area. Conclusion:The research concludesthat the villages near Tabriz City, the county's center and well-connected by main roads, are more sustainable than the villages located farther away.

https://www.jsrd.ir/article_212469_b5340ce3967ad7864c98423519dcf3c4.pdf

Iranian Association of Geography and Rural Planning journal of sustainable rural development 25383876 8 2 2024 10 01 Participatory Rural Development Planning: Insights from Shahdad District 221 230 211211 10.22034/jsrd.2024.470781.1194 EN Hamid Jalalian Associate Professor, Department of Human Geography, Faculty of Geographical Sciences, Kharazmi University, Tehran, Iran 0000-0002-8831-5247 Asghar Tahmasebi Associate Professor, Department of Human Geography, Faculty of Geographical Sciences, Kharazmi University, Tehran, Iran Farhad Azizpour Associate Professor, Department of Human Geography, Faculty of Geographical Sciences, Kharazmi University, Tehran, Iran Mojde Kalantarzade Shahdad Carbon Sequestration Project Manager, Natural Resources and Watershed Organization of Kerman Province, Kerman, Iran Journal Article 2024 07 30 Purpose: This paper presents the lessons learned from applying participatory planning approaches in the preparation of village-level development plans for the Carbon Sequestration Project pilot areas in 33 pilot villages in the Shahdad district of Kerman. Methods: Rapid Rural Appraisal (RRA) and Participatory Rural Appraisal (PRA) techniques were employed to map local resources and priorities. Results: The findings from the participatory process were validated by analysing existing development documents at both local and regional levels. Conclusion: The results reveal that the priority programs and projects identified through participatory assessment techniques were, in some cases, not fully aligned with the programs of neighbouring villages or the regional development orientation. Our findings suggest that aligning the outcomes of the participatory assessment process with district-level documents can be a practical solution for integrated participatory-level planning (VLP) development.

https://www.jsrd.ir/article_211211_69080860fb6731cf4e61c5084d6f86fd.pdf

Iranian Association of Geography and Rural Planning journal of sustainable rural development 25383876 8 2 2024 10 01 Identification of practical solutions in the development of physical re-creation of informal settlements in the rural areas of the outskirts of Zahedan city in Southeast Iran with an emphasis on urban management 231 240 198257 10.22034/jsrd.2024.432610.1175 EN Mansour Brahui Salari PhD student, Department of Geography and Urban Planning, Zahedan Branch, Islamic Azad University, Zahedan, Iran. Gholamreza Miri Assistant Professor, Department of Geography and Urban Planning, Zahedan Branch, Islamic Azad University, Zahedan, Iran. Mahmoudreza Anvari Assistant Professor, Department of Geography and Urban Planning, Zahedan Branch, Islamic Azad University, Zahedan, Iran. Journal Article 2023 12 27 Purpose: Nowadays, the big cities of the country are facing the phenomenon of informal settlements in the outskirts of the cities due to unplanned physical development, so most of the villages on the outskirts of the cities, which have been added to this fabric due to urban sprawl, are included in the settlements. They become informal. Therefore, all the institutions, organizations, and departments involved in managing cities are trying to improve the condition of these settlements with a series of policies, laws, and regulations such as re-creation. In this regard, the current research aims to identify practical solutions for developing the physical re-creation of informal settlements in the rural areas on the outskirts of Zahedan City, emphasizing urban management. Methods: This research is part of applied research. According to its purpose and nature, it is a combination of methods (quantitative and qualitative) and analytical-descriptive. The techniques (DEMATEL and Grounded theory) were used to analyze the data. The statistical population, managers, and specialists were selected as the sample population based on the purposeful sampling of 26 people. Results: From the results of identifying effective strategies for the development of physical re-creation of informal rural settlements on the outskirts of Zahedan city with an emphasis on urban management, 8 strategies (opportunity-oriented approach, education and awareness about the importance of re-creation, realization of integrated management, creation of support and productive institutions to promote rural re-creation, use of decentralized development in re-creation, realization of re-creation goals with the participation of residents, private and public sector, spatial justice, compatibility of laws with the local system of re-creation management) According to the results of DEMATEL model (use of decentralized development in re-creation, realization of re-creation goals with the participation of residents, private and public sector, realization of integrated management, creation of support and production institutions to promote rural re-creation) with positive EI value were determined as effective solutions. Conclusion: The final results showed that it is possible to achieve the proposed solutions in the rural areas on the outskirts of Zahedan city with decentralization and facilitation. The integration between the institutions to formulate the principles of integrated management and create joint efforts between them, as well as bringing the people to the stage and the development of local institutions, requires decentralization and changing the development approach from top to bottom, bottom to top so that inter-institutional interactions are developed and capacity There is a requirement for interaction.

https://www.jsrd.ir/article_198257_ada856c09cbac03c7ee3c48d1ba5e544.pdf

Iranian Association of Geography and Rural Planning journal of sustainable rural development 25383876 8 2 2024 10 01 Good Governance and Sustainable Rural Development in The East of Iran 241 248 204961 10.22034/jsrd.2024.426851.1168 EN Mahmood Fallsoleyman Associate Professor of Geography and Rural Planning, Department of Geography, Faculty of Literature and Humanities, University of Birjand, Birjand, Iran Narges Khosravi MSc. of Geography and Rural Planning, Department of Geography, Faculty of Literature and Humanities, University of Birjand, Birjand, Iran Mohammad Hajipour Assistant Professor of Geography and Rural Planning, Department of Geography, Faculty of Literature and Humanities, University of Birjand, Birjand, Iran 0000-0001-5168-0753 Journal Article 2023 11 25 Purpose: This study is a documentary and survey research with a developmental and practical nature. This is descriptive and correlative research that seeks to investigate the relationship between good governance and sustainable rural development in rural areas of south Khorasan province in Iran. Methods: The sampling process focused on the statistical population, which included all the family caregivers living in rural areas, with 41 villages and 206 family caregivers, based on the Cochran formula. Path analysis and structural equations are used to investigate the relationship between good governance and sustainable development. Results: The average sample obtained for rural governance and sustainable rural development in rural areas of Birjand is 2.84 and 2.72, respectively. According to the T-Test, the result is a sample less than moderate. Among these components, the apparent responsibility variable (0.84) has the highest factor load or effect level, and the equity variable has the least effect (0.48) on creating the optimal hidden rural variable. The economic variable has the highest impact (0.92), and the environmental variable has the least impact (0.57) on creating the sustainable variable of rural development. Sustainable rural development has a positive and significant relationship with good rural governance. The correlation and correlation are also 57%. Conclusion: The research results show a positive and significant relationship between good governance and sustainable rural development, so villages with good governance have better sustainability.

https://www.jsrd.ir/article_204961_9cec18bb2448a882067cdc0222746b79.pdf

Iranian Association of Geography and Rural Planning journal of sustainable rural development 25383876 8 2 2024 10 01 Factors Influencing Economic Development in Surrounding Villages( A Case Study of Ramshar New City, Southeast Iran) 249 258 198742 10.22034/jsrd.2024.461877.1188 EN Gholam Ali Khammar Assistant Professor, Department of Geography and Urban Planning, Zabol University, Zabol, Iran. Nasrin Khaje Mahmoudi MSc student, Department of Geography and Urban Planning, Zabol University, Zabol, Iran. Mustafa Eistgaldi Assistant Professor, Department of Geography and Urban Planning, Zabol University, Zabol, Iran. Journal Article 2024 06 08 Purpose: This research was conducted to identify the factors influencing the economic development of surrounding villages, with emphasis on the particular region in the southeast of Iran (Case Study: the new city of Ramshar, Sistan). Methods: the current research, in terms of the goal, is applied and has an interpretive and analytical nature, and in terms of method, it is in the group of qualitative and quantitative research. In order to analyze the data, grounded theory, the Delphi method, and combined models (F-ARAS + F-COPRAS) have been used. Results: From the results of Grounded Theory, categories (development of innovation in businesses related to the region, attention to financial resources and village people's access to information and benefits of the particular region) as causal factors, categories (existence of infrastructure, social empowerment) villagers, environmental-economic factors) as contextual factors, categories (integrated management, decentralized approach and attention to the capacities and capabilities of villages in the particular area of the new city of Ramshar), as influential intervening factors in economic development Surrounding villages were identified with emphasis on the specific area of the new town of Ramshar, among them; Environmental-economic factors with a weight of 72.54 and attention to financial resources with a weight of 72.00 have respectively assigned the most and the most minor importance in the economic development of the surrounding villages with an emphasis on the particular area of the new city of Ramshar. Conclusion: The particular area of the new city of Ramshar has been created to support economic activities, establish international trade relations, and promote mobility in the regional economy, as well as the production and processing of goods, etc., and because of its proximity to the border areas, it is more attractive for Afghan businessmen. At the same time, it has created many opportunities for rural areas, but what is essential is that there are factors that can guarantee the economic development of the villages around the new city of Ramsar.

https://www.jsrd.ir/article_198742_6817817859fb551ddd00a7ce5320e705.pdf

Iranian Association of Geography and Rural Planning journal of sustainable rural development 25383876 8 2 2024 10 01 Research on Livestock Management in Droughts by Nomads 259 272 211742 10.22034/jsrd.2024.463526.1190 EN Ali Mohebbi Assistant Professor, Rangeland Research Division, Research Institute for Forests and Rangelands, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Tehran, Iran Somayeh Naseri Assistant Professor, Forests and Rangelands Research Department, Agricultural and Natural Resources Research and Education Center, AREEO, Semnan, Iran Mohammad Reza Habibian Associate Professor, Forests and Rangelands Research Department, Agricultural and Natural Resources Research and Education Center, AREEO, Fars, Iran Hasan Ghelichnia Omrani Assistant Professor, Forests and Rangelands Research Department, Agricultural and Natural Resources Research and Education Center, AREEO, Mazandaran, Iran Akbar Abarghani Assistant Professor, Forests and Rangelands Research Department, Agricultural and Natural Resources Research and Education Center, AREEO, Ardabil, Iran Lotfallah Parsaei Senior Researcher, Forests and Rangelands Research Department, Agricultural and Natural Resources Research and Education Center, AREEO, Golestan, Iran Hamid Mazareei Senior Researcher, Forests and Rangelands Research Department, Agricultural and Natural Resources Research and Education Center, AREEO, Boushehr, Iran Journal Article 2024 06 18 Purpose: Every nation's indigenous knowledge has enabled people to meet their needs without wasting resources, which can be applied to create a more sustainable future. This study sought to gain insights into the indigenous knowledge of some Iranian Nomadic Tribes in terms of how they manage drought conditions on nomadic pastures. Selected tribes in Ardabil, Bushehr, Chaharmahal, Bakhtiari, Mazandaran, Golestan, and Semnan provinces in Iran were selected. Methods: A qualitative approach was adopted for this study. Specifically, a multiple case study approach will be used with reference to the theories of symbolic interaction and ethnographic methodology. The data collection method included in-depth individual and group interviews, participatory observation and focused group discussion techniques. The sampling method was purposeful and theoretical. Semi-structured in-depth interviews were conducted with nomads to explore Indigenous knowledge of drought management until theoretical saturation was reached. Data were recorded on paper, and the results were analyzed item by item by adapting the method of postmodern ethnography using a descriptive model. Results: The results showed the nomads were implementing a range of solutions to address drought conditions, including moving livestock to areas with food sources, managing water resources (e.g., the Hanare System or livestock watering every other day, constructing traditional water storage structures, and water supply by tanker), and livestock management (removing livestock fattening and finally selling livestock). Conclusion: During droughts, nomadic herders try to keep the herd in the same condition as before the drought or with minimal changes through different management methods. It seems that providing legal facilities in such periods can lead to the stability of nomadic livestock farming.

https://www.jsrd.ir/article_211742_4530fa5c63f76298c5510a631c8a16f7.pdf

Iranian Association of Geography and Rural Planning journal of sustainable rural development 25383876 8 2 2024 10 01 Investigating Citizen Perception of Covid 19 Effects on the Tourism Sector(Case Study: Bandar ANZALI) 273 288 211213 10.22034/jsrd.2024.440984.1178 EN Mehdi Hesam Associate Professor of Geography, Faculty of Literature and Humanities, University of Guilan, Rasht, Iran. Hamid Reza Yoosefi Matak Ph.D. Student of Urban Planning, Faculty of Architecture & Urban Planning, Imam Khomeini International University(IKIU), Iran 0000-0002-9952-0086 Amir Hossein Nourbakhsh Ph.D. Student of Urban Planning, Faculty of Art and Architecture, University of Guilan, Rasht, Iran. Journal Article 2024 03 29 Purpose: Cities Cities are often considered tourist destinations, with tourism increasingly recognized as a primary source of income. To maintain this source sustainably, cities must be prepared to face emerging challenges. The spread of coronavirus has been a significant challenge for cities in recent decades because of macro politics, especially based on traffic restrictions against this virus, which is causing serious loss of tourist destinations. the primary objective of this research is to investigate citizens' perceptions of the effects of COVID-19 on tourism, focusing on Bandar Anzali during the Pandemic. Methods: The current study is practical in goal and descriptive-quantitative in research methodology. Data collection was done through surveys and documentary research using questionnaires. The questionnaires were structured around six main factors: occupation, income, tourist services, afford, welfare, and entrepreneurship. The information collected from the questionnaires was quantitatively analyzed using SPSS software, and software tests such as the binomial test, Spearman correlation coefficient, and Friedman test were also used. Then, it is modelled, and its finding is analyzed with the use of Smart PLS3 software. Results: The most effective path Coefficient was for the hidden factor of welfare (0.955), indicating that welfare has a profound effect on Bandar Anzali's tourism destination. The factors of tourist services and income, with the path coefficients of 0.953 and 0.954, respectively, are the most effective. Conclusion: The results of this study indicate that focusing on welfare factors—such as reducing economic inequity among employees, promoting the welfare level of employees, upholding justice in earning tourism incomes, increasing the stability of occupations, and promoting the living level of employees in the Anzali tourist section—can promote the tourism economy of Anzali in the crisis period of the coronavirus.

https://www.jsrd.ir/article_211213_af66f957bf8659831cd9a14a3a6cbe99.pdf

Iranian Association of Geography and Rural Planning journal of sustainable rural development 25383876 8 2 2024 10 01 Analysis the Environmental Indicators in Achieving Sustainable Development in the Villages Surrounding Chabahar City 289 298 205931 10.22034/jsrd.2024.473387.1197 EN Naser Abravesh PhD Student, Department of Geography and Urban Planning, Zahedan Branch, Islamic Azad University, Zahedan, Iran Maryam Karimian Bostani Assistant Professor, Department of Geography and Urban Planning, Zahedan Branch, Islamic Azad University, Zahedan, Iran. Gholamreza Miri Assistant Professor, Department of Geography and Urban Planning, Zahedan Branch, Islamic Azad University, Zahedan, Iran Journal Article 2024 08 14 Purpose: The purpose of this research is to analyze the status of environmental indicators in achieving sustainable development in the villages surrounding Chabahar city. Methods: In terms of purpose, the current research is in the category of applied research, and in terms of method, it is in the framework of descriptive-analytical method, it is a collection of library and field information, and the research tool is a questionnaire. The statistical population of the study includes all experts, professors, and university researchers related to the research topic in Chabahar; the sample size was selected based on a targeted sampling of 30 people. In order to analyze the data, SPSS software (t-test, regression, and Friedman tests) was used. Results: The results of a sample T-Tech test to check the status of variables (environmental health, environmental resources and services, and energy) showed that all indicators are in a relatively favorable condition. Also, the results of the regression test to investigate the impact of environmental variables on rural sustainability showed that all environmental-biological variables (predictor variable) have a significant effect on achieving sustainable development (criterion variable). Finally, in order to prioritize environmental variables in terms of impact on sustainable rural development, Friedman's ranking test was used, and the results showed that the environmental health index with an average of (3.45) is in the first place. Conclusion: The overall results showed that environmental indicators significantly impact sustainable rural development; therefore, the ground must be provided for the sustainable development of villages in presenting a rural development model that is compatible with the environment.

https://www.jsrd.ir/article_205931_eed6e82f8bc527afd312edd673b85658.pdf

Iranian Association of Geography and Rural Planning journal of sustainable rural development 25383876 8 2 2024 10 01 Evaluating the Effectiveness of Rural Employment Credits in Developing Sustainable Entrepreneurship in the Agricultural Sector (Case Study: Zanjan City) 299 312 199729 10.22034/jsrd.2024.428596.1170 EN Leila Hasanloo Department of Geography and rural planning, Faculty of Social Sciences, University of Zanjan, Zanjan, Iran. Jamshid Einali Department of Geography, Faculty of Humanities, University of Zanjan , Zanjan, Iran 0000-0001-8587-8389 Mahmoud Hasanloo Department of Geography, Faculty of Humanities, University of Zanjan , Zanjan, Iran Journal Article 2023 12 03 Purpose: This research aims to examine the impact of paid credits on the economic, social, and environmental dimensions of sustainable entrepreneurship in Zanjan City. Methods: The research is applied and descriptive-analytical. The statistical population of this research consists of households in the villages of Zanjan City that have utilized rural employment credits. There are 188 natural and juridical persons with rural employment credits in 185 villages of Zanjan City. All 188 credit recipients were selected as samples. Data was collected using library and field methods (questionnaires). Descriptive statistics, including mean and standard deviation, and inferential statistics (binomial tests, one-sample t-test, and linear regression) were used to analyze the data. Results: The findings from the descriptive statistics of this study indicate that the highest mean score is 2.74, observed in the social dimension, while the lowest mean score is 2.65, observed in the environmental dimension. Additionally, the average score for sustainable entrepreneurship is 2.69. The results from the linear regression test show that, among the variables of loan amount, repayment period, education of loan recipients, job of loan recipients, and type of credits received, only the variable of loan amount, with a beta value of 0.294, significantly affects sustainable entrepreneurship in the studied villages. Conclusion: The results regarding the credits paid to foster entrepreneurship and employment in rural areas indicate that these credits have not achieved the desired outcomes in terms of entrepreneurship and employment. They have only been effective in increasing the relative income of the target groups. According to the investigations, the most significant factor contributing to the ineffectiveness of the credits on the mentioned indicators is that the largest portion of the credits was used for purchasing livestock. This does not create new jobs but rather continues existing ranching jobs with increased relative and unstable income.

https://www.jsrd.ir/article_199729_ea00fc99d2cb1919590748091aac9b52.pdf

Iranian Association of Geography and Rural Planning journal of sustainable rural development 25383876 8 2 2024 12 01 Impact of Rural Tourism Development on social issues in rural areas: A case study of villages in West Azerbaijan Province 313 322 204377 10.22034/jsrd.2024.455188.1186 EN Ayub Hajizadeh Department of Geography, SR.C., Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran Ali Shamsoddini Department of Human Geography, Faculty of Human Sciences, Shiraz Branch, Islamic Azad University, Shiraz, Iran 0000-0001-9757-4331 Mohammad Hemmati Department of Human Geography, Yadgar Imam Unit, Islamic Azad University, Shahrari, Iran Journal Article 2024 05 01 Purpose: The tourism industry in rural areas of developing countries has played an important role in the economic and social sustainability of the rural regions through diversity of income sources, reduction of immigration, etc. Rural tourism is a source of increasing income and plays an important role in the social, economic, and environmental development of villages. This research investigates the impact of rural tourism development on the social issues of rural areas. Methods: It is of an applied purpose, and its method is descriptive-analytical, which uses library and field methods to collect data. Its statistical population is five villages that are the target of tourism in several villages around the West Azerbaijan province. The total number of households living in these villages is 1292 according to the census of 2024. The sample required to complete the questionnaire was 292, according to Cochran's formula. The experts investigated the validity of the questionnaire. The reliability of the variables is 0.86%, according to Cronbach's alpha test. Statistical tests such as t, correlation, and structural equations have been used for quantitative data analysis. The sustainable development of tourism questionnaire has 20 questions, which was designed by Chris et al. in 2006. It has three indicators (cultural dimension, environmental dimension, and social dimension). Results: The findings showed that the development of rural tourism positively affects social issues. The cultural dimension has a positive effect on social issues, the social dimension has a positive effect on social issues, and the environmental dimension has a positive effect on social issues. Conclusion: The results reveal that the development of rural tourism in rural areas is an essential element in emancipating villages from poverty, migration, and social and economic problems and is an important step in the direction of sustainable rural development.

https://www.jsrd.ir/article_204377_1cefa76269b29e9603195c52a814e1ea.pdf