journal of sustainable rural development

journal of sustainable rural development

Analyzing the effect of village-to-city conversion on the quality of life of the residents(Case study: Tolem City (Marjaghal) in Sowme'eh Sara County, Iran)

Document Type : Research Paper

Authors
1 Associate Professor, Department of Geography, Payam Noor University, Tehran, Iran
2 Assistant Professor, Department of Geography, Payam Noor University, Tehran, Iran
3 M.A graduate in Urban Planning, University of Science and Research, Tehran, Iran
Abstract
Purpose: This study aimed to evaluate the policy of village-to-city conversion and its effect on the quality of life of Tolem City's residents in terms of physical,environmental, infrastructural, service provision, economic and socio-cultural dimensions. Turning the village into a city or a town can lead to changes in the quality of life.
Methods: This study is applied in terms of purpose. Primary and secondary data collection methods were used in this study. The statistical population of the study was the rural households of Tolem City in Sowme'eh  Sara ounty.
Results: The highest correlation coefficient among the components is for physical-environmental indicators (R=0.583, P<0.01), and the lowest correlation coefficient is for social-cultural indicators (R=0.144, P<0.01). Table 11 shows that this transformation had more effects on improving education and health services (5.22) and access to communication services and Post Bank (5.13).
Conclusion: This study found that the village-to-city conversion greatly affected physical, infrastructure and service provision, economic, social and cultural dimensions from the residents’ viewpoint.
Keywords

Alipoor, Davood, Shahabian, Pooyan, (2019). Assessment of the factors affecting the satisfaction about the quality of life, Environmental Bases Territorial Planning, 12, 21–40.
Azizi, Mohammad Mehdi, Zebardast, Esfandiar, Bornafar, Mehdi (2019). Assessing the impacts of rural settlements transformation to the city on the urban system at sub-regional level (case study: Gilan Province), Urban Management, 18(54), 7-25.
Barghi, Hamid, Qanbari, Yusef, Seyfollahi, Mahmood, (2011). Investigation of satisfaction level in rural residents about the conversion of rural to urban areas, Geography, 9(31), 215–232.
Bloh, H. (2008). Small Towns in Vietnam, Institute of Southeast Asian Studies, University of Passau.
Buser, M. (2011). Spatial Planning As An Integrative Mechanism, England Planning Practice Research, Vol.26, 307–324.
Chattopadhyay, B. (2008). Public Policy and Sustainable Development of Small Towns in India, National Institute of Urban Affairs. New Delhi Press.
Ebrahimzahed, Issa, Tayebi, Najmeh, Shafiee, Yusef (2012), Functional analysis of the economical role of small cities on rural development (case study: Zahedshahr), Geography and Environmental Planning, 23(2), 151-172.
Eftekhari, Roknaldin, Izadi, Kharameh (2001). Turning a village into a city and its roles in increasing job opportunities and decreasing unemployment in rural areas (Case study: Fars Province), Second conference of the Iranian economy, Tarbiat Modarres University.
Epsterin, T., Jeseph, D. (2001). Development Is Another Way, Word Dev. Pp 1443- 1454.
Farahani, Hossein, Bahmani, Afshin, Jamali, Farzaneh, (2016).  The process of village conversion to cities and its effects on the quality of life (case study: Bolbanabad City, Dehgolan County), Journal of Regional Planning, 22, 191-202.
Fani, Zohreh, (2003). Small cities: a new approach to regional development, National Municipalities Publication, Tehran.
Fedak, R. (2000). Small Town and Industry Growth in India, Delhi press.
Fellner, W. (2004). Standard of Living an Indicator of Economic Success, Conference Abstracts, Philadelphia.
Jobartsch, C. (2020). Development in Urban Planning. A New Method, London Press.
Jomehpoor, Mahmood, Rashnoodi, Behzad (2012). Small cities' role in the development of peripheral rural areas and the quality of life (Firouz Abad Rural District), Journal of Rural Development, 1, 45–64.
Kalinka, H, Kedziora, K. (2019) Role of Small Town in Development. Delhi Press.
Karimi, Bahram, Badri, Seyed Ali, Salmani, Mohammad, Ghadiri Masoum, Mojtaba, (2012). Evaluation of the effect of villages' conversion to cities in the development of mountain regions from the resident’s opinion (case study: Dailaman District, Siahkal County), Journal of Rural Research, 3(3), 1-31.
Kharameh, Hassan (2000), conversion of the village to the city and its role in rural development (case study: Fars Province), PhD Thesis, Tarbiat Modarres University.
Mehdibeygi, Hossein, Mahdavi, Masoud, Alihosseini, Ahmad, (2012), conversion of large villages to small cities and its effects in rural development (case study: South Behnam Arab Villages), Geography and Regional Planning, 6, 158-168.
Mohajerani, Aliasghar, Haghighiyan, Mansoor, Yusefnia, Mehdi, (2016). Analysis of the strategy of village conversion to the city in the residents’ lifestyle (Salami and Jangal Villages in Razavi Khorasan Province, 4. 461-479.
Nasirihendehkhaleh, E., Amir Entekhabi, S., Mohagheghpour, Y. (2020). Assessing the Relationship Between Village Administrations and the Realization of Good Rural Governance "Case Study of the Central Part of Zanjan City", Journal of Sustainable Rural Development, Vol 4, 215- 228.
Nasiri, Esmail, (2009). Investigating the role of small cities in organizing the space (case study: Bomehen City), Geography and regional Planning, 1, 27-42.
Nikpour, Amer, Razghi, Farzad (2019). Analysis of urban development indicators based on multi-criteria decision making (case study: Babol City), Environmental Based Territorial Planning, 12, 41-62.
Nikserest, Mahdi, Davarkhani, Fazileh, Rostami, Shahbakhti, Shohani Nejad, Masoomeh, (2012). Analysis of small city functions and the impacts on peripheral villages (case study: Sarableh City), Journal of Zonal Planning, 7, 53-64.
Owusu, G. (2005). The Role of District Capitals in Regional Development. PhD. Thesis, Department of Geography, University of Science and Technology.
Rahimian, Mehdi, Hafezi, Fereshteh, Gholamrezai, Saeed, Hosseinnejad mir, Nasrin, (2020), Turning villages to cities and its impact on the residents' life quality (Piranshahr), Environmental Bases Territorial Planning, 12(47), 85-107.
Rezvani, Mohammadreza, Mansoorian, Hossein, Ahmadi, Fatemeh, (2010). Promoting villages to cities and its effect on the improvement of residents' quality of life (Cases: Firuzabad and Saheb Cities in Lorestan and Kordestan Provinces), Journal of rural research, 1(1), 30–34.
Saraei, Mohammad Hossein, Eskandary, Sani, (2008). Changing the large village to a small city and their role on the regional balance (case: Rivash, Kashmar County), Geography and Development, 5(10), 165-182.
Saber, Asad, Khatoonabadi, Ebrahim, Ebrahimi, Mansoor, (2015). Analyzing the socio-economic consequences of village conversion into the city (case study: Hassanabad Ruban, Eghlid County), Journal of urban function and structure, 3, 11–28. 
Sadeghi, Fatemeh (2013). Analysis of the consequences of the village conversion to a city (case study: Southern Counties of Esfahan Province), Master thesis, Faculty of Social and Humanities Science. 
Senata, A., Szark P. (2020). Socio-Economic Development of Small Town in The Polish Cittaslow Network – A Case Study. Journal of Cities, Vol 103, Pp 12-23.
Shafiee, B., Baghri, H., Ghanbari, Y. (2020). Explaining the Drought Management Pattern in Rural Areas (Case Study: Eslamabad Gharb District) Journal of Sustainable Rural Development, Vo14, 289-306.
Tacoli, C. (2017). Urbanization and Rural Transformations, published by Led, London. Pp 1-27.
Tong, Y., Liu, W. (2021). Understanding Patterns and Multilevel in Fluencing Factors of Small-Town Shrinkage in Northeast China, Sustainable Cities and Society Journal, Vol 72, 36-48.
United Nations (Unchs) (2021) A Program for Small Town, New York.
United Nations Population Fund (2020) The Potential of Urban Growth in Small Town, New York.
United Nations (Unchs) (1985) Population Distribution and Urbanization, Kenya. UNCHS.
Zebardast, Esfandiar, (2004). The size of a city. Urban Planning and Architecture Research Center of Iran.
Zheng, L., Shepherd D., Batuo M. (2021) Variation in determinants of Regional development in rural china, Journal of Rural Studies, Vol 82 pp 29-36.
Zia Tavana, Mohammad Hassan, Shams-e-Dini, Ali, (2010). Urban functions for rural development (case study: Noorabad and peripheral villages), Journal of Human Geography, 2(3), 45–60.
Zia Tavana, Mohammad Hassan, Amirentekhabi, Shahram, (2007). Process of village conversion to a city and the consequences in Talesh County, Geography and Development, 10, 107-128.
Ziyari, Keramatollah, Ramazanzadeh, Roqayeh, (2013). Urban village and its significance in a balanced region (case study: Borojerd County), Geographical perspective in Humanities, 24, 17-37.